股權(quán)背后代表的是股東擁有的權(quán)利，是基于股東地位而取得的包括財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理權(quán)在內(nèi)的多種權(quán)利的集合體。只要擁有了股權(quán)，就意味著擁有了該公司的所有權(quán)。股權(quán)所對(duì)應(yīng)的權(quán)利一般包含以下幾個(gè)大的方面:
Behind equity represents the rights owned by shareholders, which are a collection of various rights obtained based on shareholder status, including property rights and management rights. As long as you have equity, it means you have ownership of the company. The rights corresponding to equity generally include the following major aspects:
1.決策權(quán)
1. Decision power
決策權(quán)指的是股東享有的表決權(quán)，主要體現(xiàn)在股東會(huì)中針對(duì)所議事項(xiàng)的表決。股東會(huì)作為公司的高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)，股東對(duì)會(huì)議上所做的任何決策都代表著高的權(quán)力。
Decision making power refers to the voting rights enjoyed by shareholders, mainly reflected in the voting on the matters discussed at the shareholders' meeting. The shareholders' meeting, as the high authority of the company, represents high power in any decisions made by shareholders at the meeting.
2.經(jīng)營(yíng)者的選擇權(quán)、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理權(quán)
2. Option and management rights of operators
這兩個(gè)方面更多的是指股東有針對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)者、企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理方面的選擇權(quán)。股東可以選擇職業(yè)經(jīng)理人來(lái)進(jìn)行企業(yè)的管理，如果人選不合適，可以通過(guò)股東會(huì)換掉。股東自己也可以親自參與公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理，對(duì)公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)做出方向性的決策。
These two aspects refer more to shareholders having the right to choose between operators and business management. Shareholders can choose professional managers to manage the enterprise, and if the candidates are not suitable, they can be replaced through the shareholders' meeting. Shareholders themselves can also personally participate in the company's management and make directional decisions regarding the company's operations.
3.知情權(quán)、質(zhì)詢權(quán)
3. Right to know and inquiry
任一股東，無(wú)論持股權(quán)的比例大小，對(duì)于公司的所有事項(xiàng)都有知情權(quán)和質(zhì)詢權(quán)，就是當(dāng)你對(duì)某些事項(xiàng)不認(rèn)同或者覺(jué)得有異議的時(shí)候，都可以提出質(zhì)詢。
Any shareholder, regardless of the proportion of shareholding, has the right to know and inquire about all matters of the company. That is, when you do not agree or feel that you have objections to certain matters, you can raise inquiries.
4.優(yōu)先購(gòu)買(mǎi)權(quán)、優(yōu)先認(rèn)購(gòu)權(quán)
4. Right of First Refusal, Right of First Refusal
主要指公司的股東在股權(quán)上有優(yōu)先權(quán)。當(dāng)公司內(nèi)部有股東想要退出或者轉(zhuǎn)讓自己的股權(quán)時(shí)，其他股東是可以先受讓的，只有當(dāng)公司內(nèi)部所有股東都不主張這個(gè)權(quán)利時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)讓者方可將自己的股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給公司股東以外的第三方。這也是在保證原有股東的權(quán)利，防止股權(quán)的惡意出售帶來(lái)不適合公司發(fā)展的股東，對(duì)公司造成麻煩。
Mainly refers to the company's shareholders having priority in equity. When a shareholder within the company wants to withdraw or transfer their equity, other shareholders can first transfer it. Only when all shareholders within the company do not claim this right, can the transferor transfer their equity to a third party other than the company's shareholders. This is also to ensure the rights of existing shareholders and prevent malicious sale of equity from causing trouble to the company by shareholders who are not suitable for its development.
5.財(cái)產(chǎn)收益分配權(quán)
5. Property income distribution rights
這個(gè)主要包含分紅權(quán)，當(dāng)公司產(chǎn)生利潤(rùn)時(shí)，股東自然享受利潤(rùn)的分紅。另外，還包括公司剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)(價(jià)值)的分配權(quán)，當(dāng)公司解散或者經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)展沉淀，公司有剩余資產(chǎn)或者資金時(shí)，股東享受對(duì)應(yīng)的索取權(quán)，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)此部分的財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行分配。
This mainly includes dividend rights, and when the company generates profits, shareholders naturally enjoy the dividends of the profits. In addition, it also includes the right to distribute the remaining assets (value) of the company. When the company dissolves or undergoes development and sedimentation, and the company has surplus assets or funds, shareholders enjoy the corresponding right to claim, and this part of the property should be distributed.
除以上權(quán)利外，其實(shí)股權(quán)的權(quán)利還有轉(zhuǎn)讓權(quán)、繼承權(quán)、增值和溢價(jià)權(quán)等，無(wú)論是哪些權(quán)利，都屬于股東在持有股權(quán)時(shí)法律賦予的應(yīng)得的權(quán)利。我們只有正確了解這些權(quán)利，才能正確認(rèn)識(shí)并在自己遇到問(wèn)題時(shí)，能夠捍衛(wèi)自己的權(quán)利，或者在股東會(huì)中主張自己的權(quán)利。
In addition to the above rights, the rights of equity also include the right to transfer, inheritance, appreciation, and premium. Regardless of which rights are, they belong to the rights that shareholders are entitled to by law when holding equity. Only by correctly understanding these rights can we correctly understand and defend our rights when facing problems, or advocate for our rights in shareholder meetings.
對(duì)于以上我們講的這些權(quán)利，更多的是針對(duì)有限責(zé)任公司和股份制公司來(lái)講的，對(duì)于個(gè)體工商和有限合伙企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的“股權(quán)”是有一定區(qū)別的。
The rights we mentioned above are more specific to limited liability companies and joint-stock companies. For individual businesses and limited partnership enterprises, their "equity" is somewhat different.
主要區(qū)別在于，他們也對(duì)應(yīng)以上權(quán)利，但是表現(xiàn)形式有所不同，比如在個(gè)體工商當(dāng)中是沒(méi)有股東這一說(shuō)法的，在有限合伙企業(yè)中一般約定的是財(cái)產(chǎn)份額，也無(wú)正式的股權(quán)比例之說(shuō)。因?yàn)楣镜闹黧w不同，對(duì)應(yīng)的約定、工商要求也有所不同。
The main difference is that they also correspond to the above rights, but their manifestations are different. For example, in individual businesses, there is no shareholder. In limited partnership enterprises, there is generally an agreement on the share of property, and there is no formal equity ratio. Due to different entities of the company, the corresponding agreements and business requirements also vary.
This tells us that when carrying out Jinan partnership design and entrepreneurship, the agreements between shareholders and the signing of agreements should be clearly stated in the description of the agreement, in conjunction with the legal subject of the operation, to avoid the invalidity of the agreement. For more related content, come to our website http://www.qingyanghualv.com consulting service
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